Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is widely used in modern networks to automate the assignment of IP addresses. Which of the following statements regarding DHCP are correct? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Detailed Explanation: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an essential service for managing IP address allocation within networks. Its primary purpose is to eliminate the need for manual configuration of IP settings on client devices, thereby simplifying network administration and reducing the potential for human error (Option A). When a device joins a network, it requires a unique IP address and other configuration details such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses. DHCP automates this process, ensuring that each client is configured correctly and efficiently. The process by which DHCP assigns addresses is often described using the acronym DORA, which stands for Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledgment (Option B). Initially, when a client device boots up, it broadcasts a DHCP Discover message in search of available DHCP servers. Any DHCP server that receives this message responds with a DHCP Offer, which includes an available IP address and other network parameters. The client then sends a DHCP Request message to indicate its acceptance of the offered parameters. Finally, the DHCP server sends a DHCP Acknowledgment (ACK) to confirm the allocation of the IP address to the client. This four-step handshake ensures a reliable method for dynamic IP assignment. In addition to basic IP configuration, DHCP servers are capable of delivering a range of other options to clients (Option C). These options may include lease durations (which determine how long a client can use an IP address before it must be renewed), as well as other network configuration details such as NTP servers, domain names, or additional vendor-specific options. By centralizing these settings, DHCP helps ensure consistency across the network. When a client first connects to a network, it does not know its network parameters and therefore broadcasts its DHCP Discover message (Option D). This broadcast method ensures that the message reaches all available DHCP servers on the local network segment. Once the DHCP server’s response is received, the client can then configure its interface accordingly. This dynamic process is particularly useful in environments where devices frequently join or leave the network, such as in enterprise or educational settings. Option E is incorrect because DHCP does not permanently assign a static IP address to a client. Instead, DHCP allocates addresses dynamically for a specific lease period. Even if a client reconnects to the network, it must request a new IP address lease or renew its existing lease. Permanent static assignments are typically managed through manual configuration or by using DHCP reservations, which tie a particular MAC address to a specific IP address—but even then, the assignment is still managed dynamically by the DHCP server. Overall, DHCP is a cornerstone technology in modern networks, significantly reducing the administrative overhead of IP address management and ensuring that devices receive accurate configuration information promptly and reliably.
This CCNA practice question helps students prepare for Cisco networking certification exams by testing knowledge of network fundamentals, routing, switching, and network security concepts.